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mobiolaboratories

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MO BIO is the World Leader in Soil DNA & RNA Isolation. One of the fastest growing companies in Life Science, the product innovation, company philosophy, and customer service focus continues to draw customers and outstanding industry talent to MO BIO. The founders and employees of MO BIO are dedicated to the preservation of the environment and to bettering the quality of the Earth through science.


Best diving florida keys

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Best diving florida keys
Our goal at Islamorada Dive Center is to take the hard work and preparation out of diving so you can relax and enjoy your diving experience. Call us today to explore the vast world of scuba diving in beautiful Islamorada. We look forward to taking care of all your diving needs.


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Static Analysis   & Software Metrics
The quality checks and software metrics produced by Imagix 4D enable you to identify potential problems during the development and maintenance of your source code. By identifying and correcting the problem areas, you're able to improve the reliability, portability, and maintainability of your software.


nccs

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Our story began in 1971 with the realization that Americans were losing sight of the incredible “Freedom Formula” our founding fathers gave their lives for.  It became the mission of the National Center for Constitutional Studies (NCCS), originally called The Freeman Institute, to restore the U.S. Constitution in accordance with the intent of America's Founders. 


Christian query letter writing

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Christian query letter writing
Welcome to my Christian book writing, editing, and design site. I hope you’re having a blessed day. My name is Donna Ferrier, and I’ve been a Christian for 25 years and a full-time professional writer, editor, and layout artist for 24 of those years.


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Spray tan campbell ca
At Australian Tan, All of our staff has to be trained and certified on both American and Australian Tanning standards. Our staff receive comprehensive training on the tanning process, skin, beds and lotions to help make the right recommendations for you.


CSA

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COLLECTIVE SELF-ACTUALIZATION – IN A NUTSHELL 


Chapter 1:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a stratified pyramid with multiple levels, moving from the bottom levels (generally speaking, needs) to the higher levels (wants), culminating in “self-actualization”. This is currently a motivational theory, developed 60 years ago by Abraham Maslow, which is taught in high school and college classrooms all around the world. Until now, it was simply one way to view the development of a human being into everything they were capable of becoming (i.e., actualizing all the potential contained in one’s self; thus, “self-actualization”). Now, this concept of a hierarchy of needs has been extended into a sociological framework, which if learned by you and taught to the masses, could potentially result in individual and collective self-actualization. In other words, do you want our species to not only survive the self-destructive path we are accelerating towards but thrive to the point that we can literally reach the stars? If so, then read on.

Chapter 2:
In this example of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the lowest, base level represents fundamental physical and physiological needs for existence (for instance, oxygen and water). Once immediate survival of the body is possible, it then becomes a matter of sustaining that state (food, shelter). So we have a sustained, healthy human life- now what? At the middle level of the hierarchy, we have social interaction where relationships develop between the individual and others (friends, family). After we have all this secured, we approach the higher levels of the pyramid which represent more highly developed thoughts and endeavors combined with a search for deeper meaning (art, math). In a nutshell, the lower levels are the needs, and the higher levels are the wants. So, generally speaking, once you have all your needs and wants fulfilled, you have reached the highest level- the pinnacle- of the pyramid: "self-actualization".

Chapter 3:
The sociologist Abraham Maslow who initially developed the concept of self-actualization didn't have a working definition for it; instead, he took common characteristics of historical figures he admired like Abraham Lincoln, DaVinci, etc. and characterized those self-actualized as creative, happy, intuitive, etc. Note: Maslow never *defined* self-actualization- he only characterized it. So how do you know if you are self-actualized? How can this state be achieved if it does not have a sound definition? This is our starting point, sports fans- generating a working definition of self-actualization. What you are about to read is our proposed definition for self-actualization which is the result of years of thought, research, analysis, discussion, and then more thought (as an aside, if you have an idea, insight, or question about any of this, please send us a message- everything here is up for discussion, and that is basically what we’re trying to create here by doing this in the first place).

Chapter 4:
In our definition, there are two criteria in defining self-actualization: the 'objective' and the 'subjective'. The objective criteria for self-actualization simply states that "Self-Actualization occurs when one fulfills the needs and wants they choose to have fulfilled". Note here that it is the needs and wants you *choose* to have fulfilled, not the needs and wants you happen to have. If we define self-actualization like that, then a serial killer for instance could say that they "happen to want to kill people", and therefore they are self-actualizing by engaging in those behaviors. For morality to exist in our definition, therefore, we must define self-actualization as the fulfillment of the needs and wants you choose to have fulfilled because then it is intrinsically implied, assumed, and granted that #1. you are a rational, moral agent and #2. you are engaging in an ethically significant interaction whereby you are actively taking on, by you own free-will and accord, moral accountability. To re-cap: the objective criteria for self-actualization states that self-actualization is the state of the fulfillment of all the needs and wants you choose to have fulfilled.

Chapter 5:
The subjective criteria of the definition of self-actualization, to be straight forward, can be stated like this: "Self-actualization is the fulfillment of all the needs and wants you choose to have in a manner that is consistent with the principles of:
1. Justice (fairness, equity)
2. Autonomy (the ability for one to pursue self-direction and not impede upon that)
3. Beneficence (basically, to do good)
4. Non-maleficence (to do no harm)”
These four ethical principles are actually borrowed from the core principles of medical ethics, so what we are doing in a sense is putting the current state of medical ethics development into social action. So now, we have a working definition for self-actualization. "Self-Actualization" df. The state of fulfillment of all the needs and wants you choose to have fulfilled in a manner consistent with autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence.

Chapter 6:
Learning about self-actualization in college as Maslow described it was what got me thinking this singular thought: What happens after self-actualization? Obviously maintaining the state of self-actualization would be an intrinsic component of it, but is there anything beyond it? That's when it dawned on me- to take the two angular sides of the hierarchy's triangle and extended those lines into arrows going outwards towards infinity (look at the graphic on the page if this is confusing). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, as it is currently formulated, only deals with the individual (and ultimately their own self-actualization), but as my Dad taught me, "there is the whole concept of other people". So it only made sense that the inverse pyramid would represent other people. The more people you help, or positively impact, or help to reach high levels of their own hierarchy of needs, the bigger your inverse pyramid proportionately grows. So that is the answer to the question of what happens after self-actualization: survive in and maintain that state as long as possible in order to thrive with and through the company of others. If everyone does this, the world would be unfathomably wonderful, and yes, it sounds darn near impossible now, but … it’s possible. And it starts with you. But it doesn't end there. We're just getting started.

Chapter 7:
This concept of a pyramid, a hierarchy with different levels culminating at the top pinnacle (what we have just defined as self-actualization) applies to not only individual humans, but groups of humans. Take for instance a stereotypical "nuclear family", with a mom, dad, and 2 kids. They have their collective hierarchy, consisting of lower level needs and upper levels wants, and as long as they obtain the needs and wants they collectively choose to obtain in accordance with the subjective criteria, then they are by definition COLLECTIVELY SELF-ACTUALIZED. And so, this concept of collective self-actualization can now be used as a motivational and directional-providing tool for groups of people that has only until now been applied to the individual.

Chapter 8:
Now what place does an idea like collective self-actualization have? Perhaps, it is the perfect candidate for being the organizing principle for society. An organizing principle is a central assumption from which everything else derives its value. Take for example the grid pattern of the layout of the streets in downtown Manhattan. If a building was built in the middle of an intersection, that would be a problem because that building's placement comes in direct conflict with the organizing principle of the grid- pattern layout. So in America for example, what kind of organizing principles do we operate by? Capitalism? Democracy? What about in, say, Saudi Arabia? There, it could be suggested that sharia (Islamic Holy Law) and Islam in general are the societal organizing principles. So, to conclude all this, what we are proposing is a lofty, but not impossible, goal. We want to get a critical mass of precious human beings on board to this idea of using the concept of individual and collective self-actualization as a real goal that we can head towards as a society.

Chapter 9:
12/21/2012 came and went. What do we do now? Here is one outstanding answer to that very important question- genuinely pursue individual and collective self-actualization at every level, which therefore would include world-wide collective self-actualization. Let's say that again. World-wide collective self-actualization. Can we make it happen? Well, "we" is a bunch of "yous" (which includes me). It's up to us to spread this knowledge and the love and real and immediate desire for change it creates to quicken the manifestation of actualizing that which we are individually and collectively capable of. Go hug someone, share this, then let’s begin the real-life task of taking an inventory of all of our needs and wants (at both our individual and collective levels (that is, the collectives we as individuals are a part of, e.g. the Jones Family, member of North High School, a U.S. Citizen, etc.)), deciding what it is we want, what it is we need, obtaining all of that in a moral manner as previously outlined, then help others through our/your success such that we build each other up as a species to the extent that true sustainability, which is the most imminent and important issue facing us today, is attained and sustained in a genuine way via collective self-actualization. Here it finally is, friends: a path toward genuinely sustainable sustainability on every level.

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Cool-tura: Ciencia y Tecnología

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OBJETIVO
Galería
Avances y otros menesteres
 Por Eva Alejandre
Con más de 11 millones de expedientes una empresa nacional culminó la primera etapa de un nuevo modelo de gestión para transformar el sistema de salud mexicano, queriendo continuar con una segunda fase que consiste en automatizar los procesos en centros de salud, clínicas y hospitales. 
Con el fin de promover el intercambio científico para facilitar la participación y desarrollo espacial en México y otros países emergentes, el CICESE será sede del Simposio sobre tecnología espacial básica ONU/México, a realizarse del 20 al 23 de octubre de este año. Ensenada, BC., México (CICESE-Agencia Informativa CONACYT
De acuerdo con un estudio reciente, el maíz mexicano ha sufrido una rápida pérdida de diversidad en los últimos años debido a un fenómeno denominado erosión genética lo que impedirá mantener el rendimiento del cultivo ante el cambio climático.


KIKI VALDES: RIDING DUALISM -New solo exhibition opening at The National Arts Club

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Valdes’ work often draws a corollary between the content and action with surroundings punctuated by arid landscapes and fragmented spaces. In his work "Bullish in the Desert", the interaction between the dark colossal animal and the brightness of the hovering ghost-like figure is offset against the brightness of the warm tones of the landscape. This painting as well as others in the series, investigates the poetics and memories of the perpetuating Western American culture, re-enacting the artist’s own experience in the wilderness of Arizona. 

Simultaneously entertaining and strikingly composed semi-abstract paintings, Kiki Valdes’ works are critical interrogations of the duality between the individual and the system, or in this case the ‘animal’. Tracing the conflicting broadcast of everyday uprising, the unleashed beast in "Angry Horse" exposes the overthrow of ongoing endorsed system, projecting the viewers in a mental state of a no-man’s land where the dignity of the animal and individual are one. Kiki Valdes approaches the lore of the American cowboy with an intimate immediacy, enabling his contemporary experience to exist within the continuum of civilizations.   

Kiki Valdes was born in Miami, Florida in 1981, and lives and works between New York, New Jersey and Miami. A Cuban American painter, Valdes’ work explores the multidimensional complexities of people, religion, American-life, sex, and superstition. His canvases tend to overlap on top of various unresolved paintings and capture a sense of association, rhythm and conflict. Kiki often refers to his paintings as studies; instead of art history’s draw toward the female or still life, Valdes explores the use of 1990’s cartoons with expressionistic tendencies. His appropriation of Disney/Nickelodeon characters is a starting point for him to redefine his understanding of the subject. The work can best be described as a marriage between abstract expressionism and cartoons.

“Kiki Valdes: Riding Dualism” will be on view at The National Arts Club - 15 Gramercy Park South, New York NY. 10003. November 3-30th 2014. A reception will be held on November 19, 2014 from 6-8pm. RSVP required: [email protected] 


Press Contact: [email protected] 
RIDING DUALISM, KIKI VALDES NEW EXHIBIT OPENS THIS NOVEMBER AT THE NATIONAL ARTS CLUB IN NYC.  
For his first one-person exhibition in New York, Kiki Valdes presents new paintings that explore the phenomenon of dominance and the translation of experience into image and form. Continuing his inquiry into the evaluation of popular culture in the context of established American settings, Riding Dualism proposes a step further whereby traditions are re-explored and roles often reversed.  


2014 NBA Preview: The Detroit Pistons

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#18 Detroit Pistons
The Detroit Pistons will enter this season with a brand new coach running the team. The funny thing is… the Pistons went into last season with a new coach as well, but they fired Mo Cheeks just a couple of months into the season. It seemed like an extremely sketchy thing to do to a guy who has a great reputation around the league. 
Last year the Pistons showed us that no matter how many big name players you put on a team, they must have team chemistry to actually play well together. In the Pistons case, the players they added had just as big egos as they did names (Brandon Jennings, Josh Smith). So after a disappointing season in which they only won 29 games, the Pistons have hired Stan Van Gundy to not only coach, but to be the VP of basketball operations as well. 


Van Gundy has shown in the past that he’s a very respectable coach that knows how to win. He would even have a championship on his resume if it weren’t for Pat Riley pushing him out of the door too soon. The Heat had just acquired Shaq and Riley got impatient before they eventually won it all.. Which was also, extremely sketchy. (you may be noticing that trend in NBA front offices). 
But anyways, now that Brandon Jennings and Josh Smith have had a year to play with blossoming superstars in Andre Drummond and Greg Monroe, the Pistons should be a lot better. We all know the type of player Jennings is, he can score when he wants. As a rookie he took the league by storm with his crafty way of getting the ball in the basket. Last year, the Oak Hill product only averaged 15 points a game, so I feel that if he raised that number and distributed to his big men a little bit more, the Pistons are bound for success. The Pistons should also improve their three-point shooting with the addition of Caron Butler who should help spread out the floor a little bit.
I don’t think it would be a stretch to say that Drummond will be the best player on this team. Plain and simple, this dude can ball. Last year he averaged 13 points and 13 rebounds per game and was a handful for opposing post players to deal with. If Van Gundy can find a way for Drummond to get more than nine shots a night, then lookout for Drummond to potentially make his first all-star appearance. 
Now to the piece of the puzzle which doesn’t make sense to me: Josh Smith. Smith has been an above average NBA player throughout his career, but when the Pistons signed him last offseason I was a bit confused. I didn’t really think he fit in with the other pieces the Pistons had (and I was right) mostly because he plays best when he’s at the power forward position. But in Detroit he plays the small forward, which gives him an opportunity to do what all of his fantasy hoops owners hated to see him do: shoot more threes. Josh Smith is kind of like that guy you hate playing with at the YMCA that thinks he can pull up from anywhere, but really shouldn’t. Yes, Josh Smith can score. Last year he averaged 16 points per game and he averaged even more during his time in Atlanta, but if he’s shooting from behind the arc all of the time, he’s devaluing his game and wasting possessions for his team. 
Monroe was virtually another double double guy for the Pistons last year averaging 15 points and nine rebounds, which raises the question: With two legit post players, how were the Pistons so freaking bad? Monroe will eventually be a max contract player in this league, so if the Pistons want to keep him around, they better start winning and quick. 
I like the addition of Jodie Meeks for the Pistons. He is a proven shooter, and as we all saw against the Thunder last season that he can score too. They also added DJ Augustine as well which should give some depth to a bench that really struggled last season. I think the Pistons will be better this year, but how much better is still up in the air.
Potential Starters
PG: Brandon Jennings
SG: Jodie Meeks
SF: Josh Smith
PF: Andre Drummond
C: Greg Monroe
Check back tomorrow to see who I ranked 17th in the "HOOPSAHOLIC NBA Preview"


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      Beautiful Braids That Stay!
Hey everyone! Most of us have probably spent many hours in front of a mirror with a quizzical or disgusted look on our face as we scrutinize our, what we consider, unruly hair. How do we turn a mop of hair like this into a beautiful style that frames our face, brings out our eyes, and complements our outfit? This can be a frustrating feat but don’t give up and just through it in a ponytail! We can do it! Although spending our lives focused on our outward beauty is not the right thing to do there is nothing wrong with enhancing what God has given us. Let’s explore some ideas on how to make this whole hair thing work! 


Feature 1

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Do you know the Body and Structure of Your Jerseys? 
      
     
     When people think about dairy cows and where their milk comes from, there’s probably a low amount of people that think of the cows that “make the chocolate milk.” They've probably never even seen a picture of a brown cow, let alone know they exist. Jersey cows in our opinion are the most underrated breed of dairy cattle, and what people don’t know about them is that they’re the friendliest, smallest, and basically most worthwhile breed of cows to own and raise, not that we’re biased or anything.
     

Distinctive Features
      One of the first things people need to know about the Jersey cow is that they are one of the smallest breed of dairy cattle. With males maxing out at a little less than a ton, and fully grown females clocking in-between 880 and 1,100. In return for their small size, they are also minimum maintenance. Starting with the head on the front of the Jersey, some well-defined features about the Jersey’s include a light tan to a dark brown coat, with a white band around the nose, and more times than not a dark switch on the tail. Jerseys are highly distinctive, for the people that do know what Jerseys are and what they look like can recognize them almost instantaneously. Jerseys are a close second to the widely known breed of the Holsteins, who sport black and white spots instead of the more attractive tan. 
 
     Another feature that’s quite overlooked on the Jersey’s would be their dark brown, almost near black, eyes. In addition to their dark eyes, they also can claim the fact that they have extremely long eyelashes, with the emphasis on long. These eyelashes help protect the abnormality large eyes from dust and debris, as they cannot defend their eyes any other way. Speaking of eyes, Jersey’s eyes are so big, they have a full 360 panoramic vision (Dairy Moos).






Functions and Fun Facts
      Amazingly, even though the average Jersey cow drinks in-between thirty and fifty gallons of water a day, they still can produce about eight gallons of milk a day (Dairy Moos). That eight gallons of milk may be used for ice cream, cream cheese, or just plain milk, it’s all up to the creamery when they receive the milk that’s shipped from the farm. Jersey’s milk is more specifically made for ice cream and butter, since it has more of a creamy property It’s pretty crazy how that’s enough water to sustain a half ton animal that produces eight gallons of milk. After all, 40 gallons is only one bathtub full, which you’d think is hardly enough to support all the cows jaw movements!
 
     That’s right, a Jersey moves their jaw about 40,000 times just in one day, which averages out to about 50 times a minute (Dairy Moos). Cows have what is known as “cud.” Cud is regurgitated grass, hay, or whatever the cow ate that day that has already been chewed up and made it to the first section in the stomach, so basically one level less of puke. Yep, they chew that stuff all day! Except when they’re eating new food that will later be spit back up by the rumen.


The Stomach
      The what? The rumen. Moving down to the stomach of a Jersey, the rumen is the first compartment in the four parts of the cow’s stomach. Contrary to popular belief, a cow doesn’t have four stomachs, it has four compartments, each which all have their special purpose. In order, it goes rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The one that’s most like the human stomach would be the abomasum because that’s what breaks down the food and all the nutrients are absorbed by the intestines. Last summer, select Minnesotans were given the opportunity to interact with a cow that had a “window,” which is a hole that’s cut into the side of their stomach that allows people to feel the inside. Don’t worry, it doesn’t hurt the cow, in fact, they just think they have cud to chew so they automatically start chewing! Pretty funny thing to watch actually.


The Udder
      In the lower and underneath area of the Jersey, we’re now onto the legenDAIRY udder. The biggest area of a Jersey that is judged would without a doubt be the udder. The udder accounts for approximately 40 percent of the “scorecard” that judges use in professional dairy shows. Any person on the street would tell you that the udder is the most important part of the cow. Because the udder gives the milk not only to humans but also to the baby calves before they are weaned away from the mother and put into calf hunts.
 
     People in the showing industry will go great lengths to show off the udder of their Jersey and highlight the udder if that’s the Jersey’s main strength. Some dairies have been known to put lotion, makeup, and baby powder on the Jersey’s udder to magnify the udder and hide the flaws that may be present. But in order to make the cow’s udder appear big, it must be big to begin with. Therefore the showman might interfere with their Jersey’s personal milking schedule. Typically, cows are milked every 12 hours, so twice a day.
 
     Unfortunately, with all the glands and fluids in the udder, it makes the udder quite vulnerable to a disease known as mastitis. Mastitis is, in complex terms, “the inflammation of the mammary gland and udder tissue,” (AHDB). Mastitis is in simple terms bacteria growth in the milk ducts. The milk that is produced by a cow that has mastitis, if it produces any at all, is untreatable and humans are unable to drink it, leaving a deficit for the dairy farmers. Mastitis is contagious and could spread easily to other cows, so that’s why it’s taken very seriously. Cows are given antibiotics to treat mastitis and require extra labor in order to keep the disease controlled to keep the dairy at the most minimum loss as possible.









Conclusion
      All in all, Jerseys are quite the interesting breed of cow. Jerseys have been known to be the friendliest breed of dairy cows, and also the smallest. Jerseys have a distinctive white band around their nose and are usually a tannish color for a coat. Jerseys are also well credited for their creamy milk, which is used for ice cream and butter. Not just Jerseys, but all cows have four compartments in their stomach, with each compartment serving its own special purpose. The udder is the most important part of the Jersey, and it accounts for 40% of the Jersey’s scorecard when it’s being judged. Mastitis is an infection of the udder, which is highly contagious, but highly preventable as well. Next time you’re at the Minnesota State Fair, or even at your local county fair, don’t forget to sneak a peek at your new favorite breed of dairy cattle. They’ll look at you with their big brown eyes and long eyelashes and you won’t be able to look away! We at the Topline can guarantee you’ll fall just as head over heels in the love with them as we did.

Works Cited

AHDB. "DairyCo." Mastitis in Dairy Cows. N.p., 2014. Web. 05 Oct. 2014.


“Interesting Facts about Cows.” Dairy Moos RSS. N.p., 2 Dec. 2012. Web. 05 Oct. 2014



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Works Cited
Arrow, Bow &. Bow & Arrow. n.d. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.

Cabela's. Cabela's World's Foremost Outfitter. 2014. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.



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Bowhunting Continued...
  Thoughts tend to lean toward stabilizers next. They are optional and skipping stabilizers for any reason is acceptable. Stabilizers help balance a bow out so it does not fall back when shooting a bow. They are a nice feature when shooting, because if a bow falls back it can pull the arrow up and throw a shot off by several yards depending on the distance. It could be the difference between a heart shot and a spinal shot. Skipping this part brings the arrows up next; otherwise, stabilizers vary in all sorts of lengths and weights. Getting the proper weight is not as important to the length of the stabilizer. Long stabilizers, about two feet long, are great for competition shooting, while shorter stabilizers are better for deer hunting. This is obvious because a long stabilizer has a greater chance at getting in a bowhunters way for a shot at the deer. It also limits the different ways a hunter can shoot.
  Now arrows and a quiver come next. Arrows are far more important than a quiver. The quiver is great for holding arrows and that is about it. Depending how many arrows a hunter wants to carry with him or her determines the size of the quiver. There are many varieties of quivers ranging from camo to brown to even black quivers. 
Add some text, Yo! Click this text box to change the text, style, color and fonts.
  The three basic types of broadheads are specialty, fixed, and mechanical broadheads. Specialty would be for turkey hunting and different types of hunting. Fixed broadheads are the basic three blade head. While the mechanical broadhead is where the blades pop out when hitting the target. This gives it a better penetration, but has a higher chance of dysfunction too. Broadheads are another part than can affect how an arrow flies and penetrates a deer.
  The last and finally thing, which important for storing a bow, is to make sure the bow is stored in a proper case defending it from any damage. Cases make it so it can last a lot longer and the sight can stay positioned for next year’s hunt. Saves a lot of time.
   Bowhunting can be very expensive. From the bow, to the sight, to even the case costing maybe $100. Treated with care, the best thing about a bow is that it can last a lifetime. The sight and arrows are what brings a bow life. The case and rest work behind the scene in bringing stability and protection. The perfect bow and equipment can bring a lot of joy into a hunter’s life, and bowhunting is much more relaxing than any other hunting a hunter can do. 
  Arrows bring in a new perspective. They vary in so many ways that it is hard to choose which style to shoot. Some shoot faster, while others are cheaper. Using a personal draw length, cutting the arrow to the proper length is a major step. If cut too short, the arrows will not work, but will flex too much if the arrows are too long. Measured and cut to the right length, the arrows are shootable. Tips are the second important thing in buying arrows. This is because there is a necessity for practice tips, along with broadheads to shoot a deer.
Bowhunting Takes More Than A Bow! Cont..


Struggle for Education

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                The Never- Ending Struggle for Education
     The struggle for education is very real in Middle Eastern countries. There are fewer and fewer girls completing their education. Some girls never even start. In the Arab culture, girls are expected to stay at home and raise their children. They learn from a very young age that they are supposed to get married, have children, and raise those children. Of the women who do actually go to school, 55% are literate. Many people argue this situation stems from a regional interpretation of Islam rather than Islam itself.
     Although women have struggled with education for years, it really depends on the country. In Sudan, education is a struggle for boys and girls. Many parents simply do not want their children to travel the long distances needed to attend a school. These difficulties came about due to the on-going civil war and Sudan’s desperate economic situation.
     In Jordan and Yemen, the situation is more along the lines of the stereotype we as Americans believe. Many girls marry at a young age, and as a result, they drop out of secondary school. Women have stereotypical roles as well. Textbooks tell girls things such as, “My father is working and my mother is cooking.” According to a BBC News article by Safa Faisal, 80% of girls in a Jordanian secondary school said, “A woman’s job is to stay at home and raise her children.” Society also objects to girls being taught by male teachers and learning in a co-ed class.
     The quality of education also plays a huge role in the struggle. It affects not only girls, but boys as well. When a learning environment is bad, remote, or unclean with no toilets, the girls tend to give up and go home. An unqualified or bad teacher can cause some girls to fail at the end of the year. Typically, after failing two or three times, girls just give up all together.
     When asked by Safa Faisal why they do not allow their girls to attend school, a common Jordanian parent’s answer was, “It’s wrong, its irreligious, it’s improper. They should stay home to prepare for their real life, their married life.” Many Arab families tend to pay for boys’ education, but not the girls’.
     In some countries, there are women who take the initiative to create education opportunities for themselves and other women. In Sudan, there is a woman who has created a “nomadic school”. This school teaches in the students’ home instead of in a classroom. This way of learning is very popular with girls. This keeps the girls’ education out of the eye of the Taliban and keeps them safe while they are being educated (Faisal).
     










     Many women who defy social norms and go to school anyway are inspiring many other young women to do the same. One woman in Yemen named Rahma went to school, becoming the first in her town to graduate high school, get a job in a private clinic and the first to enroll in a healthcare training program in Yemen’s capital. Rahma has returned home and now delivers babies in her house. She gained her community’s respect and her actions have set off a chain reaction with other girls in the area.
     There is also a program in Jordan aimed at recent female college graduates. This program helps businesses overcome the fear of hiring women, which allows these women to get jobs and valuable training needed 
in the private sector. It gives other women the confidence to go to school. These women can go to school knowing they will get a good education and a job after they graduate (“Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa Region”).
     In 1919, an organization called the Institute of International Education began to provide refuge to displaced and persecuted scholars. This place now provides innovative training to women in the Arab world. This training provides these women with the skills and knowledge to succeed as effective leaders around the 
world. They also provide these women with the knowledge to teach other girls in their region or community. This organization focuses solely on the purpose of advancing and developing women leaders. IIE provides women with the scholarships needed to attend school through a program called Women in Technology. WIT trained 11,000 women and provided 2,500 low-income women with scholarships. After completing this program, 60 new businesses began in the Middle East. Women who had been a part of IIE owned these businesses "IIE's Center for Women's Leadership Initiatives".
     Despite all of these advancements, women still struggle. It will be a long time before they are viewed as true equals by employers and by their male peers. Although women are more likely to attend a university, they are less likely to pursue a career. They learn it is their job to stay home and raise the children.
     Goals for the future of education equality in the Middle East should be complete gender equality. All people should be able to get an education if they so choose. An educated person, either male or female, can make better contributions to their community. There should be nothing stopping a woman from becoming the best she can be. After reaching equality, the communities can begin to improve their economic status. With more diversity in government, these countries could begin to improve the overall well-being of all citizens.



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About the Author
Hi! I’m Elizabeth Vinson, the author of this magazine. Thank you for choosing to read about the very real issues women in the Middle East still face today. I am sixteen years old and a junior in high school. I have one younger brother, a dog and a cat. I truly love sports and I enjoy being with my friends and family.
I chose to write about this topic because of Malala Yousafzai. She was a young girl who stood up for women’s education in Pakistan. Because of her bravery, the Taliban shot her in the head. Against all odds, she survived. Hearing about this really opened my eyes to the struggle in the Middle East.
I hope to open American’s eyes to the differences in culture and expectations. I hope everyone who reads this issue gains a better understanding of the struggles Middle Eastern women face every day.



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                                          The Never- Ending Struggle for Education
The struggle for education is very real in Middle Eastern countries. There are fewer and fewer girls completing their education. Some girls never even start. In the Arab culture, girls are expected to stay at home and raise their children. They learn from a very young age that they are supposed to get married, have children, and raise those children. Of the women who do actually go to school, 55% are literate. Many people argue this situation stems from a regional interpretation of Islam rather than Islam itself.
Although women have struggled with education for years, it really depends on the country. In Sudan, education is a struggle for boys and girls. Many parents simply do not want their children to travel the long distances needed to attend a school. These difficulties came about due to the on-going civil war and Sudan’s desperate economic situation.
In Jordan and Yemen, the situation is more along the lines of the stereotype we as Americans believe. Many girls marry at a young age, and as a result, they drop out of secondary school. Women have stereotypical roles as well. Textbooks tell girls things such as, “My father is working and my mother is cooking.” According to a BBC News article by Safa Faisal, 80% of girls in a Jordanian secondary school said, “A woman’s job is to stay at home and raise her children.” Society also objects to girls being taught by male teachers and learning in a co-ed class.
The quality of education also plays a huge role in the struggle. It affects not only girls, but boys as well. When a learning environment is bad, remote, or unclean with no toilets, the girls tend to give up and go home. An unqualified or bad teacher can cause some girls to fail at the end of the year. Typically, after failing two or three times, girls just give up all together.
When asked why they do not allow their girls to attend school, a common Jordanian parent’s answer was, “It’s wrong, its irreligious, it’s improper. They should stay home to prepare for their real life, their married life.” Many Arab families tend to pay for boys’ education, but not the girls’.
In some countries, there are women who take the initiative to create education opportunities for themselves and other women. In Sudan, there is a woman who has created a “nomadic school”. This school teaches in the students’ home instead of in a classroom. This way of learning is very popular with girls. This keeps the girls’ education out of the eye of the Taliban and keeps them safe while they are being educated (Faisal).
Many women who defy social norms and go to school anyway are inspiring many other young women to do the same. One woman in Yemen named Rahma went to school, becoming the first in her town to graduate high school, get a job in a private clinic and the first to enroll in a healthcare training program in Yemen’s capital. Rahma has returned home and now delivers babies in her house. She gained her community’s respect and her actions have set off a chain reaction with other girls in the area.
There is also a program in Jordan aimed at recent female college graduates. This program helps businesses overcome the fear of hiring women, which allows these women to get jobs and valuable training needed in the private sector. It gives other women the confidence to go to school. These women can go to school knowing they will get a good education and a job after they graduate (“Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa Region”).
In 1919, an organization called the Institute of International Education began to provide refuge to displaced and persecuted scholars. This place now provides innovative training to women in the Arab world. This training provides these women with the skills and knowledge to succeed as effective leaders around the world. They also provide these women with the knowledge to teach other girls in their region or community. This organization focuses solely on the purpose of advancing and developing women leaders. IIE provides women with the scholarships needed to attend school through a program called Women in Technology. WIT trained 11,000 women and provided 2,500 low-income women with scholarships. After completing this program, 60 new businesses began in the Middle East. Women who had been a part of IIE owned these businesses "IIE's Center for Women's Leadership Initiatives".
Despite all of these advancements, women still struggle. It will be a long time before they are viewed as true equals by employers and by their male peers. Although women are more likely to attend a university, they are less likely to pursue a career. They learn it is their job to stay home and raise the children.
Goals for the future of education equality in the Middle East should be complete gender equality. All people should be able to get an education if they so choose. An educated person, either male or female, can make better contributions to their community. There should be nothing stopping a woman from becoming the best she can be. After reaching equality, the communities can begin to improve their economic status. With more diversity in government, these countries could begin to improve the overall well-being of all citizens.



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                                             Ice Bucket Challenge
The Ice Bucket Challenge is done by people all over the world trying to raise awareness for ALS; some even donate money towards the cause. The Ice Bucket Challenge consists of people all ages dumping a bucket of ice water on themselves while another person videotapes. The person getting ice water poured on them says who nominated them to participate and who they would like to nominate. If you would like to participate in the Ice Bucket Challenge, here is more about ALS:

To Get an Idea about ALS 
ALS stands for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ALS is a disease that attacks the brain and the nerves that send signals to the spinal cord. The scary part is that those nerves from the spinal cord send signals to the muscles all throughout one’s body. This disease can also be called Lou Gehrig’s disease, after a baseball player who was diagnosed with ALS in 1939. If you have ALS, your nerve cells have a harder time doing their job or “go bad”, and they eventually end up dying. They become incapable of sending signals to your voluntary muscles and it causes those unused muscles to become weak and die, much like the nerve cells. This obviously affects the chest muscles and it becomes extremely hard, or even impossible to breathe. ALS is a deadly disease, in which doctors will give someone about 3-5 years to live. Some people aren’t able to hold on for the full three years and die sooner, while others will exceed the 5 year mark; it just depends on the person. Some say the disease affects the senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch, but that accusation is false (Doctor MDx.).
The Symptoms and Diagnosis of ALS
In the beginning of ALS, symptoms may not be obvious and they are often overlooked. Early symptoms can very between weakness in the hands and arms, legs and feet, or the muscles for speaking and swallowing. Clumsiness, slurred speech, muscle cramps and twitching, or outbursts of laughing or crying that you can’t control are also symptoms. One may notice they are having a hard time doing every day activities, such as brushing their teeth or getting dressed. In most cases people think it’s something other than ALS, for example, someone who has difficulty breathing might think its asthma. Even though early symptoms aren’t something people usually fuss over, in all cases muscle weakness progresses to paralysis. In the end, a ventilator must be used to live.
ALS is hard to diagnose because the early stages make it seem as though it could be a couple other diseases that target the nervous system, but blood tests may be done to rule them out. Swallowing tests, breathing tests, a muscle biopsy and an MRI of the brain are an option to help rule out the other diseases. Also, special tests are done by electrodes measuring a person’s muscle response and how quickly their nerves are able to send signals to the muscle. Even though all these tests can be done, we still don’t know if ALs affects thinking, memory or judgment. The average age to be diagnosed is 55 (Doctor MDx.).
What can Cause ALS?
A person is able to inherit ALS. In fact, in up to 95% of ALS victims, 10% of them more than likely inherited it. A disturbing fact shows that veterans, especially those who have been in the Golf War, have twice the incidence of the disease. ALS targets all races and ethnicities. There are still no other proven risk factors, although environmental factors that may affect an individual’s risk for getting this disease are under investigation. Some of the environmental factors of interest include smoking, exposure to lead in the workplace, and military service (Doctor MDx.).
How to prevent it?
A person can not prevent ALS, but eating healthy and maintaining good physical health will reduce the risk factor. It’s a good idea to check your family tree to see if anyone has had ALS, or any other life threatening disease. If so, you may want to contact your genetic counselor.
Consider doing the Ice Bucket Challenge or donating money because, as you now know, it is a painful disease and it’s not easy to watch someone you love go through it. Up to 5/100,000 people are affected by ALS worldwide. ALS is not reversible, so doctors focus more on slowing it down for the families who want to spend more time with their loved one. A little fact is that someone with ALS can still donate their organs once they pass if they choose to do so. Even if you choose not to participate in the Ice Bucket Challenge you can still donate money, but please think about and help these families in need.
Work Cited
“ALS / Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / Lou Gehrig’s Disease” Doctor MDx. 1 Oct. 2014.
 <http://doctormdx.com/als-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-lou-gehrigs-disease/>  




Ancient Creature on Brink of Extinction in Yangzte River, China

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Ancient Creature on Brink 
of Extinction in Yangtze River, China
As the mountains rose from the tide, as the earth’s plates collided, as the tides receded to reveal the land- as the seas changed, one thing remained constant in the ever changing currents: the Chinese Sturgeon. This fish has thought to have lived in the murky depths of the Yangtze River for more than 140 million years. Now the Sturgeon, that has swam in the shadows for so long, may completely disappear.
 
The Chinese Sturgeon can reach up to 16 feet in length and weigh on average 1,000 pounds. Nicknamed the ‘living fossil,’ it is a breathing portrait of what scientists believe a fish thriving in the prehistoric seas would have looked like (BBC News). This massive fish has rumored to be traveling the East Chinese Sea since the reign of the dinosaurs, but modern technology has made them an endangered species. The sturgeon migrate from the East Chinese Sea to the Yangtze River, a 2,000 mile journey upstream, to reproduce. After dozens of dams were constructed in the Yangtze River, the Chinese Sturgeon’s population dropped steadily (BBC News).  
As reported by Discovery News, the Chinese Sturgeon, because of the tribulations it has had to face, did not reproduce naturally in the 2013 breeding season. This is the first time in the 32 years researchers have been studying this incredible fish that reproduction did not occur (Discovery News). Not a single Sturgeon was recorded to have laid eggs in their usual spawning ground. This is a devastating setback to this ancient creature’s vital climb out of their endangered species status. “‘No natural reproduction means that the sturgeons would not expand its population and without protection, they might risk extinction,” Wei Qiwei, an investigator with the academy, told China's official Xinhua news agency on Saturday” (Discovery News). Its extinction would not only be a tremendous blow to the scientific community, but also to the ecosystem the Sturgeon contributes to.
 
The unique residents that swim in the banks of the Yangtze River have suffered greatly from the building of the dams. Plus the overfishing, the incessant disruption from shipping traffic, and the shockingly high levels of water pollution have only diminished the Sturgeon’s chances of survival. The Finless Porpoise and the Chinese Alligator will also face complete annihilation if the above factors keep occurring in their river. The negative impact of humans have put the Sturgeons and many other forms of life in the Yangtze River in dire straits (National Geographic).

To keep this ancient fish swimming, the Chinese government has attempted to replenish the Sturgeons’ population. They’ve created a sanctuary designated for a new spawning ground for the sturgeon away from the influence of the dams, but changing a 140 million year migratory cycle is not that easy. They have also bred the carnivorous Sturgeon’s primary food source, the fry, in large numbers in captivity and released them in the wild so finding food is not a challenge. Although these are solid efforts, there has been little improvement as of yet (National Geographic). 
 
While the extinction of this ancient creature may seem inevitable, the Chinese Sturgeons haven’t lived 140 million years without learning a few tricks. Its long history in the Earth’s seas is not all smooth tides and crystal clear waters. “Sturgeons may face long odds, but the fish has survival in its genes… Some reports suggest the sturgeon may already be adapting to its changing environment. Studies suggest its diet is shifting from less abundant bottom dwellers, like clams, to more plentiful earthworms” (National Geographic). This adaptive behavior is a skill necessary for the Sturgeon’s survival.
 
This ancient creature may have thick scales to combat the always changing waters, but extinction is still a possible future for them. While their small improvement is a step in the right direction, the Chinese Sturgeon still have seemingly insurmountable hurdles ahead of them. 
Today, the Chinese sturgeon – one of the oldest living species of animal on Earth – have been reduced to a population of only about 100. “Last year, there was no evidence found of their natural reproduction anywhere along their usual habitat. If action is not taken immediately, they will go extinct…” as Lindsey Weedston of Animal Petitions wrote in her petition letter to the Minister of Environmental Protection in China, Zhou Shengxian.
 
Calling the Chinese Sturgeon “one of the most treasured Chinese icons,” Animal Petition is one of many wildlife conservation organizations that are speaking up to protect one of the oldest living creatures on Earth today. Without their efforts, the extinction of this ancient fish would have gone unnoticed. It likely would not have been found again until hundreds of years later where it would be found in the riverbed of the Yangtze River as fossils, reunited with the dinosaurs that it was born with 140 million years ago. However, its struggle against extinction has been brought to light, which is the first step in every conservation effort. If conservationists and the Chinese government can work collaboratively to reduce pollution and other negative human impacts in the Yangtze River, the Chinese Sturgeon has a chance for 140 million more years on Earth.


El baloncesto

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El baloncesto
El baloncesto nació como una respuesta a la necesidad de realizar alguna actividad deportiva durante el invierno, en la escuela de YMCA en Massachusetts. Al profesor de la Universidad de Illinois (Massachusetts) James Naismith, (un profesor de educación física) le fue encargada la misión, en 1891, de idear un deporte que se pudiera jugar bajo techo, pues los inviernos en esa zona dificultaban la realización de alguna actividad al aire libre.
El baloncesto, basquetbol  (del inglés basketball; de basket, 'canasta', y ball, 'pelota') es un deporte de equipo que se puede desarrollar tanto en pista cubierta como en descubierta, en el que dos conjuntos de cinco jugadores cada uno, intentan anotar puntos, también llamados canastas o dobles y/o triples introduciendo un balón en un aro colocado a 3,05 metros del suelo del que cuelga una red, lo que le da un aspecto de cesta o canasta. 
También existe una modalidad, fundamentalmente para discapacitados, en la que se juega en silla de ruedas (baloncesto en silla de ruedas), prácticamente con las mismas normas que el baloncesto habitual.